Unitary integrating meter and damping magnet structure



Feb. 2, 1954 J. H. GOSS ET AL 2,668,275

UNITARY INTEGRATING METER AND DAMPING MAGNET STRUCTURE Fil'ed March 50, 1948 Sheets-Sheet l MAGNET/6' U l SUSPENSION A awe/Mas I v Q! 4 r ---1'-\ I I I I H l 5 I 2. i I "I L I Inventows': J amee r-tGoee, Lewis I .M-endelsohn, Heme Afiakke, by W W Their Attorney.

J. H. GOSS EIAL UNITARY INTEGRATING METER AND DAMPING MAGNET STRUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FEB. 2, 1954 Filed Mrch 50, 1948 13 I V/I/Q/IE i I a: a g i 5 I Inventor-s: James l-LGos's.

' Haris A.B a kke Their- Attor-ney Patented Feb. 2, 1954 UNITARY INTEGRATING'METER w DAME'II Y G MAGNET TRUCTURE James H. Goss, Schenectady, N; Y., and Lewis I.

qMendelsohn; Lynn, and Hans-A; Bakke, Swampscott,,Mas s.,.assignors to General Electric: Com pany; a, corporation of New York Application March so, 1948, Serial No. 17,884

Our invention relates to' a uhitaryintegratihe nie'te'r'and damping magnet structure such, for example, as 'usedrm integrating meters which employ 'accnductor disk" driven as 'the'secondary of an induction motor hy the 1111;; of induction meter magnets and "retarded or damped 'by permanent ma netflux; g

In carrying our invention "into effect, we make use-of permanent magnetmaterial-oi exceptionafll yhigh "external energy and residual force, with the obj'ectthat' such magnets may be made sufficie'nt'liz small and "light as to be "cast as integral part of"'th'e' "die cas't meter f r'am'e which suriportsthe drivin agnets' andfm'eter bearings. Permanent magnets suitable for fe r purposes inai be'madeas'described in United States Patent Nd: 2j295,0'82." Such permanent magnetshave the maximum val'1ie"of EH iietf' obtained in; comrrierc'i'ally "available magnetst 'Othenpbjects' of our invention will appear' as the descrip ion proceeaai a 1 t mi'imp'oitant'raete'r' m the preparation qr n a' permanent mag'netis'a heat -tratment during which the magnet ieeogied through th j dun point, where 'it"iinderg 6es a change relative ,to crystal structure; while being sulojected to mag: neticfield'traver'siiigthe niagfiet in the same axis or direction which the final permanent;magnet pic EH60 ion aligning efi ect and superibr"permanenr'niagneue pr'operu s; l bsequerit tosuchtreatment the magnet is perman ently magnetized" in the; In order to mbedsuch a magnet in' die-cast material, it mustralso" 'b heat'e'dtd" a 'tehipeiati1rf "ar -0x15 mately ashigh the melting temperature "of the diet-cast material us df'andthefinal p'g an autn ofthe magnet s occur's'utsequent'to such heating;""" w plfrfed biUC'diif'"lSffiiSti"17f) make the magnets'magnetically anisotropic along the desiredfaxishy heat treatment "irra magnetic "field while cooling-through" the Curielpoint such as described. in published literature and" in above noted United States vpatent i This treatment is followedby aging treatments inthe region of 600 C}; thereafter -ther.magnets:,must not again be heated toi such temperatures if destruction of magnat properties to he,.,ay.oided, s hould the te; pera'ture; approach the Curie temperature s nt ere a t 9&0? .Qan tenly f e, wa mateua A 6pm rre i wr n Hie ast' into a a meme point" enaaie'a ia teens; (01. enie) well below the'Curie point temperature? A q I cast material suitable for our purposes *is'analioy of 11 to' 13 per cent silicon and the remai der aluminum, and hasafmelting point of about'fiiy l C. Other die-cast material may be 'used.' actual heating of theipermanent magnets in such die-casting operation is for arelativelyshortt me period, and the actual magnet temperatureisgbelow the previous agingtemperaturesso that the previously obtained magnetic propertie's areserved. The magnets are'subsequentlyfma ized while embedded in the hardened diec te'rial in a manner which will be explaine One precaution which it is necessaryjto t' e in connection with such polarized permanent .m g;- netsis to" avoid accidental lcont'act withf 'ther magnetic materials. "For; instance, if the ag rnet be touched with an, ordinary. steel screw driver, the lattercshort circuits thatportionolf the magnet with which it comes in contact, and the magnet is appreciablyreduced in strength. Qur magnetg being embedded in. nonmagnetic die-cast material prior tofinal polarization re thus protected from this danger; u I

Although" our permanent magnets. are '1 post:- tioned quite close to'the' meter driving" magnets to reduce side thrustin the mannerekplainedin Kinnard Patent 2 ;2'72,'7 4 8, they are lneyert fully protected against demagnetiz'ationfby. r3 ent surgeswhich m y o ur n th q i iiiemeter coils and. conductorsoy reason of being'ls'uia rounded with the die 'castmaterial whichis' g o'd conducting material; and thus ampsfoutfiug surges. Our permanent magnets are,"; further.e more, made C-shaped with poles of perinannt magnet material on opposite sides of themle te'r disk, so as to avoid changes in damping strength occurring due to variations of the positionof' the disk acrossfthedamping flux gap. Our dampin magnets are further positioned and'arrangedjs metrically to the 'driving forceiieddy' current in the" meter disk so as to reduce vibrations set up by interaction 2 between such eddy currents v and damping flux as taught 'in' TrekeliPat a:

A1though our damping magnets are substan' tifally fully encased 'in' a die-cashnqnmagn ic meter frame'and' fixe'd in position; 'prov i'si is acaboth for temperature compensating s u ts fihfefdr' b ryin e ef ct eld b magnet strength for Ineter cahbrationl purldo The amount of i'nagnetic material ernp 'yed ou f'jdampihg magfnet system as 'use J hour meter is less than 0 e fourthof emplofied'fin "present commercial watt-.

rent watt-hour meter.

and I.

at the upper front of the meter.

3 meters. Besides this we eliminate all bracket supporting and position adjusting structure for the drag magnet system of such commercial meters.

A divisional application Serial No. 160,475, filed May 6, 1950, covers the breaking magnets, their adjustment features, and supporting frame; and a divisional application Serial No. 160,476, filed May 6, 1950, covers the method of manufacture and conditioning of the permanent magnets described herein.

The features of our invention'which are believed to be novel and patentable will be pointed out in the claims appended hereto. Fora better understanding of our invention reference is made in the following description to the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a front View of a watt-hour meter, certain parts being in. section, incorporating our invention. Fig. 2 is a rear view of a portion of the meter die-cast frame showing the location of the drag magnets.

Fig. 3 is a sectional bottom view of portions of of a preferred load adjusting shunt arrangement for one of the drag magnets.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the case, 2 the glass front cover, and3 the terminal chamber cover of a single phase alternating cur- A disk a of conducting material is mounted for rotation with a shaft 5 supported in upper and lower bearings at 6 The shaft 5 is geared to and drives a register having a plurality of pointers 8 located The disk 4 is driven by fluxes from a voltage electromagnet located above the disk and a current electromagnet located below the disk. In the type of meter shown the voltage-electromagnet has an lE-shaped core 9 with the open side of the E facing the disk and with a voltage coil ID on the center core leg. The current electromagnet has a U-shaped core II with its open end facin the disk with current coils i2 on both legs. The voltage. and current core structures are joined by sici: magnet yoke portions 13 which extend outsid the periphery of the disk 4. -As usual the magnetic core structure is secured to the back side of a meter framework l4 having a slit l5 to accommodate the meter disk The meter bearings are supported on the front side of such meter frame as is also the register. The frame of the register is represented at Hi. The meter frame is made of nonmagnetic die-cast material and is provided with the necessary supportin bosses, posts and bolt holes for securing the meter parts thereto and for securing the meter frame in the meter casing. The coils are connected to the terminal chamber through wires and connectors, the latter being represented at H. In general the structure thus far described conforms to existing meters. V

Usually the meter frame is also provided with a projecting bracket upon which a drag magnet assembly is clamped and which is adjustably radially of the disk for the purpose of adjusting the damping or retarding force. We depart from this construction and provide relatively small, high strength damping magnets 18 cast with and embedded in the die-cast meter frame i 4, and, hence, nonadjustable with respect thereto. These damping magnets are contained within relatively small pockets at [9 in die-cast material at the periphery of the meter disk 4 on about diametrically opposite sides thereof. These magnets are C-shaped so as to embrace the periphery of the disk 4 with their pole pieces facing each other with the disk intervening and with the yoke of the magnet joining the pole pieces outside the disk periphery. The yoke of these magnets has a somewhat greater cross section than have the pole pieces, the cross-sectional area tapering from the center of the yoke to the pole pieces to obtain the most eflicient utilization of the permanent magnetic material used for the purpose in question. As illustrated, these magnets are encased in the die-cast material both inside and outside, except at their pole faces which face the meter disk. Thus in the drawing the C-shaped ring 20 on the inside of the magnets is die-cast material integral with the meter framework.

Resting flat against the back side of these magnets as viewed in Fig. 1 (front side as viewed in Fig. 2) is a thin C-shaped section of magnetic material 2| having low permeability and having a negative temperature coefficient of permeability of the correct dimensions and characteristics to correct the meter for temperature errors. These compensators shunt a relatively small portion of the permanent magnet flux from between the pole pieces, and the amount of such flux which is shunted decreases with rise in temperature. The nature of the temperature errors which occur in induction watt-hour meters and compensation therefor are discussed in United States Patent to Kinnard No. 1,706,171, March 19, 1929, and although we employ the same principle, the structural arrangement of our compensation is necessarily quite different from that disclosed in the Kinnard patent. In our compensator the shunted flux and flux in the magnet flow in opposite directions. Our 0- shaped compensator 2| is made of carpenter steel, a nickel-iron alloy containing about 29 per cent nickel and is cemented to the side of the permanent magnet subsequent to the anisotropic heat treatment but before casting the magnets into the die-cast material. Each of the two drag magnets per meter unit assembly is preferabl provided with the same compensation.

Also associated with one or both of the drag magnets I8 is a load adjusting device'serving the purpose which in prior meters was generally accomplished by moving the entire drag magnet assembly radially relative to the meter disk to vary the damping and correctly adjust the meter speed for a given load. In our meter the drag magnets are fixed in position and we provide for load adjustment by a magnetic shunt 22 which is contained within a tubular cavity 23 in the die-cast material which extends within the central opening in the c-shaped magnet and axially to one side thereof. The shunt 22 is made of soft iron, has a sliding fit in the tubular cavity in the diecast material, is notched on the disk side at 24 so as not to touch the disk in any position of adjustment, and is provided with guide lips at the slot opening cooperating with guide lips machined in the die-cast material on either side of the disk gap as shown in Fig. 2 to prevent the shunt 22 from turning. Through the shunt 22 there is threaded a screw 24 having a screw driver fitting head accessible from the front of the meter and by means of which the screw may be turned with a screw driver. The screw is prevented from moving endwise in some way so that.

when turned i-t slidesthev shunt 2:2:1nto-.or;out;ofthecentral opening--inithe permanent magnet:

In the arrangement shown inFigs; 2 andthe, screw 24 base, recess 'groove or reduced-diameter portion near the end-Opposite the head which projects out of-the cavity 23 and passes. through a hole in a brassplate 25; and is secured by aspring clip 26 entering the reduced diamet'er'portion ofthe screw. The plate 25 and clip 26 are retained in place by screws 21, seeFig. 2. When the plate 25 is removed, the shunt-22 may be inserted into cavity 23- and the screw 24 threaded thereinto. When these parts are assembled. as shown in Fig. 3, and at'the right in Fig. 2, turn.- ing'screw 24 adjusts the position of the-shunt 22. While the shunt 22 is spaced from the magnet-i8by a tubular shield of. the die-cast .mate-. rial, it will shunt flux away fromthe disk air gap between thepoles ,ofthe permanent magnet-in proportion to the extent to which the shunt is adjustedwithin the magnet. In maximum flux' shunting position it may shunt about five per cent of-the damping flux of one magnet although not limited to this value. While such load adjusting shunt is indicated as being provided on both damping magnets in Figs. 1 and 2, it is generally necessary to provide only one of the magnets with such load shuntvin order to obtain an ample range of load adjustment. The directions to :turn the screw forfast and slow meter adjustments are'preferably indicated by the markings cast in the frame as shown'adjacent screw 24 at the right in Fig. 1.

andhas not been machined, and hence, has -a taper which makes it slightly larger at the open end than at the closed end. If, therefore, the shunt 22 fit with a good sliding fit at the small end, it will be somewhat loose when at the open oithe cavity.LTo prevent any possiblechange in shunting effect when. the s'hunt22 is in an adjusted position whereit has a loose fit in the cavity, the holding and adjusting arrangement consisting of screw 24 andspring clip 26l-is'arranged .to urge: the open end 'of the shunt-22 against the gapiside surface of. the cavity adjacent'thereto or towards the rightinFigs. Sand 6 and" thus prevent any variation in shunting effect due to movement of the shunt-crosswise of' the cavity, such as might otherwise be caused by vibration, etc. The shapeof the shunt and cavity at the contacting. surfaces prevents the shuntfrom turning-as in Fig. 2. 1 l

- To accomplish thedesired result,;;the spring clip 26-of- Figs. 5 'and 6 is arranged to pull endwise on the screw'24 or'downward'in Fig. 5, and to urge its lower end to the right so as'to keep the openend ofthe shunt 22against the right-hand side oi the cavity 23 adjacent the 'a-ir gap side of the magnet-I8 at all positionsof axial adjustment of. the shunt. J Theopening at30 in"the -die cast material'about the neck of th'elscre'w at 26 is. madeisufficient to allow. the. screw to pivot 'about its head and a1low;..the. .otherv end of the screw -to.

the magnet, l 8-," a central slotted extension 32-iem= bracing the ireduc'edqportion'of the screw 24 fand spreadinggspring fingers 33:and; 34"the endsof' which contactythe-gside of-the frame :hkto. the right of the ,open'end ofrthe recess23."

-;--T.he clip is sprungoutwardly at its-central lat eral portion and is;compressedrbetween the :sur

face of the-i-fralne Efand recessed :grooye Yin the screwso that'i-wh en 'in'- placer-it pull endwise downward onythe; screw-"24, as viewedin Fig. 35;.

and-keeps thehe rdiof the screwtight againstthe outer surface of-ithedie-cast::casing formingrthe urged to :the rightby reasonof the-i-factgthat the, outer ends ofrthe spreading fingers 33 and are sprung towards each other-by being iinserted be-[ tween projecting abutments' 35 on the surface'of i the frame?! 4;- -Prior'"-toinserting the clip in place with the fingers 3,3 and 34,:between the abutments 35;-the fingers forms straight-limbed V, and hence,- their. outer ends are sprung towardsi-each otherwhen -inserted in place as; shown-rand this. forms a resilient wedgingarrangement of the spring clipitowards 1ithejqrightwhich" keeps the nose of the shunt2 2. pressed" against the gap side of the cavity--23; One oriboth of' thezends of-the fingers may overhan'gafshoulderon the side a wall; of; the-framed4-asrepresented at the end of.

the lower 'fing'erto assist, inxthis'pull 'tothe right.

The spring clip 1 is easily removed and replaced. andiis retained firm-lygin position by its. own -resiliency; and when. in position, 'preventsxendwise' movement but allowsylateral movement of its end ter; of a the yoke of lfl ginchv square. The dimensions: of the pole graces} are l/ by inch; The: dimensions here given in relation to other meter dimensions are as-represented in the drawing. These; magnets have :ar BI-I) rnax. value of the order of 315,600,000 and a residual of the order'of 12,000,: gausses. The'rnew -drag' magnet -arrange-..

ment is intended; to; replace; the arrangement shown inUnited States FausPatent No.:2,-196,898, and-- to1 representga reduction in-weight of magnetic materialz-usedin"thetwo types of dragmag:

net systemsgotirom approximately 300 to 63 grams. I":

After'ithemagnets-are =made anisotropic the temperature;foompensating w shunts 2 l V arev ce-- merited to.,.ithe, one ;side. o f the magnets l8, using, a high temperaturei;thermosetting 3 plastic ce'-.:

mentk- The magnetsarethendie-cast as inserts with the frame,;using the die-cast materialprevi ously. mentioned. die-calst;material hardens and icoo-ls vlerytquickly, so that the magnets .do not; m u to ,ccdnip1ish ;thi$ res. r-iseitoithemeltingepoint-of;the,die:cas t;material,..

which is abouti580- degrees 0., and 'do' not'remain' at any elevated temperature for any length of time. The die-casting operation does not change the magnetic properties of the magnets at all. At this stage of manufacture the magnets have not been polarized but merely rendered anisotropic along the desired magnetizing axis. All necessary machining operations are then performed on the die-cast frames. This includes reaming out the cavity 23 for the full load adjusting shunt, if necessary, drilling bolt and screw holes, etc. The operations are performed using a jig so that all dimensions are made'exact.

The magnetization of the magnets 18 is accomplished while in the die-cast material in the manner represented in Fig. 4. Conductors 28 and 29 are inserted into the open ends of the cavities 23 and through the central openings in the pair of magnets l8 of a meter frame. Fastened between the ends of the conductors is a flat copper bar 36 thin enough to pass through the air gap slots in frame I4 and magnets I8 when the conductors 28 and 29 are inserted. One-half cycle current of a 60-cyc1e wave having a crest value of 25,000 amperes is then passed through the circuit 2829-36 as represented by arrows in Fig. 4. This current flows through the magnets in opposite directions and polarizes them in the definite polarity relation represented by N and S pole designations of Fig. 1. (Where drag magnets of a different polarity arrangement are desired, the magnetizing current may be passed through the magnets in the same direction.)

The magnets are then knocked down by an A.'-'C.'

field. This is a knockdown of the order of fifteen per cent. The meter is then assembled and while in operation under load, a further knockdown is used as required. This knockdown is sufiicient to reduce the magnets to approximately the desired strength as measured by meter speed under rated load. The magnets have and retain a high magnetic strength available as damping flux across the air gap, and the amount of such flux available for damping may be reduced as necessary by the shunt or shunts 22.

The fact that the magnets H! are encased in nonmagnetic conductor material is highly advantageous from several standpoints. They are protected from accidental contact with other magnetic tools or parts which might cause a short circuit of a section of the magnet, resulting in a reduction in magnetic strength. The die-cast material prevents the magnets from collecting magnetic dust, such as iron filings, tool shavings, etc., except at the air gap, and it is much easier to keep them clean and to prevent such material from being carried on the magnets into the finished meter. For protection until the meter disk is installed, wooden or other nonmagnetic material wedges may be inserted into the magnet air gaps, since this is the'only point of the magnets not covered by the die-cast material. However, we may provide a thin die-casting wall over pole faces also. When assembled in an operative meter, the die-cast material of the frame comes between the magnets and the coils of the meter and is effective in preventing demagnetization of the magnets by surge currents that may accidentally occur in the meter coils during operation due to short circuits, lightning, etc.

The drag magnets are fixed in position with rcspect'to all remaining stationary parts of the meter by the meter framework, and hence, no accidental variation of the position of the drag magnet gaps can occur with respect to the driving magnet pole'faces, meter bearings etc.' This is a desirable condition. It makes it possible to remove the meter disk and shaft and replace it with minimum risk of changing the meter calibration, and makes it more feasible to employ magnetic bearing suspension for the shaft 5. The bearings at E5 in our meter may and preferably will be of the magnetic suspension type described in United States Patent No. 2,311,382 to Hansen, Jr., and will support the entire weight of the rotating element. The supports for these bearings are cast integral with the frame. It will be noted that the damping magnets are symmetrically placed with respect to a center line between the axis of rotation and the center of the driving magnet system, that a line drawn between the centers of the damping magnets passes on th driving magnet side of the shaft 5, and that the damping magnets are fairly close to the driving magnet. This arrangement is beneficial in reducing side thrust on the meter disk and shaft as explained in United States Patent to Kinnard No. 2,272,748, February 10, 1942. It will also be noted from the polarity arrangement of the damping magnets represented in Fig. 1 that the damping fluxes pass through the disk 4 in the same direction on both sides of the shaft, and that such damping fluxes are equally distant from and symmetrically positioned relative to the shaft. This arrangement is beneficial in reducing disk vibration due to interaction between the damping flux and disk eddy currents produced by the voltage fluxes, as explained in connection with Fig. 3 of United Estates Patent to Trekell No. 2,316,638, April 13, 1 43.

In using our invention in meters having two or more driving magnet systems, the extra systems will preferably have their own die-cast frame section including the embedded damping magnets described.

In accordance with the provisions of the Patent Statutes we have described the principle of operation of our invention, together with the apparatus which we now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but we desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. An integrating type of meter comprising a meter frame of nonmagnetic material, a meter shaft rotatively supported on one sideof said frame, a disk of conducting material on said shaft, said frame having a slot therethrough and through which said disk extends, a driving magnet system having a laminated magnetic core secured directly to the other side of said meter frame and as close thereto as the configuration of the driving magnet system will allow for driving said disk, and a pair of C-shaped permanent magnets embedded in the nonmagnetic material of said frame at opposite ends of the slot therein embracing the disk at opposite edges thereof.

2. An integrating meter comprising a die-cast frame of nonmagnetic material, a shaft rotatively supported on one side thereof, a driving magnetic system supported on the other side thereof, an elongated slot in said frame, a disk of conducting material mounted on said shaft and extending through said slot in driving relation with said driving magnetic system, and a pair of C-shaped permanent magnets cast with and embedded in the material of said frame at the opposite ends of said slot and embracing the periphery of said disk at diametrically opposite points thereof said magnets lying in a plane parallel with the plane of the frame and in line with said shaft.

3. An integrating meter comprising a frame, a shaft ro-tatively supported in bearings on one side of said frame, a driving magnet system having a laminated magnetic core bolted to the other side of said frame by bolts passing through said core and into said frame, said frame having a slit therein, a disk of conducting material on said shaft extending through said slit in driving relation with the driving magnet system, a pair of c-shaped damping magnets embracing the periphery of the disk at opposite ends of the slit in the frame, said frame being die-cast with nonmagnetic material and with the drag magnets embedded therein and with the bearing supports for said shaft cast thereon, whereby all of said meter parts are rigidly secured in the desired cooperative relation relative to each other.

4. In an integrating meter, a frame of die-cast nonmagnetic conducting material, a shaft rotatively supported in bearings, bearing supports therefor integral with said frame, an armature of conductor material on said shaft, an induction driving magnet system fordriving said armature secured to said frame and a C-shapecl drag magnet having an external diameter not greater than 1%; inches and embracing said armature for producing a retarding force on said armature, said drag magnet and induction driving magnet system being in close proximity to each other, said drag magnet comprising an anisotropic permanent magnet with a (BI-I) max. of the order of 4,600,000 and a residual of the order of 12,000 gausses, said drag magnet being protected and shielded from, and held in fixed relation with, the driving magnetic system by being embedded in the nonmagnetic conductor material of said die-cast frame.

5. An integrating type of meter comprising a meter frame of nonmagnetic material, a meter shaft rotatively supported on said frame, a disk of conducting material on said shaft, said frame having a slot therethrough and through which said disk extends, a driving magnet system having a laminated magnetic core secured directly to said meter frame and as close thereto as the configuration of the driving magnet system will allow for driving said disk, and a pair of C-shaped permanent magnets embedded in the nonmagnetic material of said frame at opposite ends of the slot therein embracing the disk at opposite edges thereof.

6. An integrating meter comprising a die-cast frame of nonmagnetic material, a shaft rotatively supported on one side thereof, a driving magnetic system supported on a side thereof, an elongated slot in said frame, a disk of conducting material mounted on said shaft and extending through said slot in driving relation with said driving magnetic system, and a pair of C-shaped permanent magnets cast with and embedded in the material of said frame at the opposite ends of said slot and embracing the periphery of said disk at diametrically opposite points thereof, said magnets lying in a plane parallel with the plane of the frame and in line with said shaft.

7. An integrating meter comprising a frame, a shaft rotatively supported in bearings on said frame, a driving magnet system having a laminated magnetic core fastened to said frame by fastening members passing through said core and into said frame, said frame having a slit therein, a disk of conducting material on said shaft extending through said slit in driving relation with the driving magnet system, a pair of C-shaped damping magnets embracing the periphery of the disk at opposite ends of the slit in the frame, said frame being die-cast with nonmagnetic material and with the drag magnets embedded therein and with the bearing supports for said shaft cast thereon, whereby all of said meter parts are rigidly secured in the desired cooperative relation relative to each other.

JAMES H. GOSS.

LEWIS I. MENDELSOHN. HANS A. BAKKE.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,758,673 Mettler May 13, 1930 1,920,818 Verall Aug. 1, 1933 1,923,047 Batt Aug. 15, 1933 2,110,418 Green Mar. 8, 1938 2,209,236 Rowell July 23, 1940 2,284,893 Barnes June 2, 1942 2,316,638 Trekell Apr. 13, 1943 2,323,465 Green July 6, 1943 2,371,820 Gustafson Mar. 20, 1945 2,414,462 Grace et a1 Jan. 21, 1947 2,421,285 Prince May 27, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 376,728 Great Britain July 4, 1932 453,262 Great Britain Sept. 8, 1936 

